How Leaders and Diplomats Are Trying to End the Gaza War

Prime officers from at the least 10 totally different administrations try to forge a head-spinning set of offers to finish the Gaza struggle and reply the divisive query of how the territory can be ruled after the preventing stops.

The narrowest set of main discussions is targeted on reaching a cease-fire between Israel and Hamas. This might contain the change of greater than 100 Israeli hostages held by Hamas for a cease-fire and hundreds of Palestinians detained in Israeli jails.

A second observe facilities on reshaping the Palestinian Authority, the semiautonomous physique that administers elements of the Israeli-occupied West Financial institution. American and Arab officers are discussing overhauling the management of the authority and having it take management of Gaza after the struggle ends, assuming energy from Israel and Hamas.

In a 3rd observe, American and Saudi officers are pushing Israel to conform to circumstances for the creation of a Palestinian state in change for Saudi Arabia forging formal ties with Israel for the primary time ever.

The calls for and outcomes mentioned in all three processes are linked, and the talks are principally seen as lengthy photographs. The struggle started with the Hamas terrorist assault of Oct. 7 that killed about 1,200 individuals, Israeli officers mentioned. The Israeli counterattack has left greater than 25,000 Palestinians lifeless in Gaza, say Well being Ministry officers there. President Biden has given Israel full help for the struggle.

Vital obstacles have to be overcome in every set of negotiations. Most notable, Israel’s authorities says it won’t enable full Palestinian sovereignty, elevating doubts about whether or not progress may be made on the foremost fronts. And the Israeli army marketing campaign has not destroyed Hamas, so it’s unclear how Hamas can be persuaded to step apart whereas it nonetheless controls a part of Gaza.

America is the facility making an attempt to sew all of it collectively. Brett McGurk, the highest White Home official on the Center East, was within the area this previous week, and Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken spoke to him by cellphone a number of occasions whereas on a visit in Africa, a senior State Division official mentioned. The Biden administration desires to make sure a prime U.S. official is talking face-to-face always with Israeli and Arab leaders.

Officers are tossing round many concepts, most of that are provisional, lengthy photographs or strongly opposed by some events. A number of contentious ideas are:

Transferring energy throughout the Palestinian Authority from the incumbent president, Mahmoud Abbas, to a brand new prime minister, whereas letting Mr. Abbas retain a ceremonial position.

Sending an Arab peacekeeping pressure to Gaza to bolster a brand new Palestinian administration there.

Passing a U.N. Safety Council decision, backed by america, that may acknowledge the Palestinians’ proper to statehood.

The next is a highway map to the three tracks, primarily based on interviews with greater than a dozen diplomats and different officers concerned within the talks, all of whom spoke anonymously so as to talk about them extra freely.

1. Hostages and a Ceasefire

The Individuals see an finish to the struggle as the very first thing the events must ship. These talks are entwined with negotiations for the discharge of greater than 100 hostages seized in the course of the rampage of Oct. 7 and held by Hamas and its allies. Hamas has mentioned it won’t launch the hostages till Israel agrees to a everlasting cease-fire, a stance that’s incompatible with Israel’s acknowledged aim of preventing till Hamas is faraway from Gaza.

Officers from the U.S., Israel, Egypt and Qatar are discussing a deal that may pause the preventing for as much as two months. In November, the events agreed to a short pause that resulted in Hamas releasing greater than 100 hostages.

In a single proposal, the hostages can be launched in phases throughout a pause of as much as 60 days in change for Palestinians jailed by Israel. Some officers have prompt Israeli civilians can be launched first, in change for Palestinian ladies and minors detained by Israel. Then captured Israeli troopers can be exchanged for Palestinian militant leaders serving long-term sentences.

Diplomats on numerous sides say they hope that extra detailed discussions might be held in the course of the pause a couple of everlasting truce that may contain the withdrawal of most or all Israeli troops, the departure of Hamas’s leaders from the strip and a transition of energy to the Palestinian Authority. For now, Israel and Hamas have every rejected a few of these circumstances.

To attempt to advance these negotiations, William J. Burns, the C.I.A. director, plans to fulfill in Europe within the coming days with senior Israeli, Egyptian and Qatari counterparts.

Some observers hope that the World Court docket’s name on Friday for Israel to adjust to the Genocide Conference will give momentum and political cowl to Israeli officers who’re pushing internally to finish the struggle.

2. Overhaul the Palestinian Authority

The Palestinian Authority briefly managed Gaza after Israeli troops left in 2005, however Hamas pressured it from energy two years later. Now, some need the authority to return to Gaza and play a job in postwar governance. To make that concept extra interesting to Israel, which opposes it, there’s a push by america, Jordan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and different Arab states to overtake the authority and alter its management.

Underneath its present president, Mahmoud Abbas, 88, the authority is broadly perceived as each corrupt and authoritarian. Mediators are encouraging him to take a extra ceremonial position and to cede govt energy to a brand new prime minister who may oversee Gaza’s reconstruction and cut back corruption. U.S. officers say the aim is to make the authority a extra believable administrator of a future Palestinian state. Israeli officers additionally assert that the authority wants to vary its schooling system, which they are saying doesn’t promote peace, and finish welfare funds to these convicted of violence towards Israelis.

Some critics of Mr. Abbas need him changed by Salam Fayyad, a Princeton professor credited with modernizing the authority throughout a stint as prime minister a decade in the past, or Nasser al-Kidwa, a former Palestinian envoy to the U.N. who broke with Mr. Abbas three years in the past. However diplomats say Mr. Abbas is pushing for a candidate over whom he has extra affect, like Mohammad Mustafa, his longtime financial adviser.

Some officers have proposed an Arab peacekeeping pressure to assist the brand new Palestinian chief preserve order in a postwar Gaza. Israeli officers reject that notion, however have floated the concept of a multinational pressure below Israel’s oversight within the strip. American diplomats instructed the Israelis this month that Arab leaders oppose their thought.

3. Saudi Normalization With Israel

In essentially the most formidable set of talks, the Biden administration has revived discussions with Saudi Arabia to have the Saudis conform to formal diplomatic relations with Israel.

The three-way deal had been below dialogue earlier than the Oct. 7 assaults, and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman of Saudi Arabia appeared amenable to it as a result of the Biden administration was providing a U.S.-Saudi protection treaty, cooperation on a civilian nuclear program and better arms gross sales. Underneath that association, American officers say, the Saudis would have accepted Israel’s comparatively minor concessions on the Palestinian situation in return for Saudi recognition.

That recognition can be an necessary political win for American and Israeli leaders due to Saudi Arabia’s standing as a number one Arab and Muslim nation.

Because the struggle started, nevertheless, Saudi Arabia and america have raised the value for Israel, now insisting that Israel decide to a course of that results in a Palestinian state and consists of Palestinian governance of Gaza. U.S. officers have additionally instructed the Israelis that Saudi Arabia and different Arab nations would agree to provide cash for the reconstruction of Gaza provided that Israeli leaders decide to a pathway to Palestinian statehood.

These new phrases had been first voiced publicly by Mr. Blinken after he met with Prince Mohammed in a desert tent camp in Saudi Arabia this month. He delivered them to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel after flying from there to Tel Aviv. He reiterated them once more in a public speak at Davos, Switzerland, as did Jake Sullivan, the White Home nationwide safety adviser.

Mr. Netanyahu has publicly rejected that proposal — pledging just lately to take care of Israel’s army management of everything of the West Financial institution and Gaza. Many Israelis help that, though some U.S. officers ponder whether it’s a gap bargaining place by Mr. Netanyahu.

To reassure the Saudis and the Palestinians, some officers have prompt a U.N. Safety Council decision, backed by america, that may enshrine the Palestinians’ proper to sovereignty. However the thought has but to achieve traction.

There may be additionally the query of whether or not the Biden administration can ship a Senate-approved mutual protection treaty to Prince Mohammed. Some Democratic senators have already raised issues about such a treaty. And the probabilities of Republican senators opposing it are anticipated to develop because the November U.S. presidential election attracts nearer.

Patrick Kingsley reported from Abu Dhabi, and Edward Wong from Washington. Reporting was contributed by Aaron Boxerman, Adam Rasgon and Isabel Kershner from Jerusalem; Ronen Bergman from Tel Aviv; Farnaz Fassihi from New York; and Julian E. Barnes from Washington.